Regional Policy - Comparison Between Sweden and Finland.

1. Regional reform in Sweden 3
1.1. Growing interest in regional cooperation 3
1.2. Proposals of the Commission on Regional Administration 3
1.3. Regional pilot projects 3
1.4. Regional Development Councils 4
1.5. Commission on Division of Responsibilities 4
1.6. The Swedish Planning System 4
1.6.1. The local level 4
1.6.2. The regional level 5
1.6.3. The national level 5
1.6.4. The legal system 5
1.6.5. Current changes and debates concerning Swedish planning 6
2. Regional Policy in Finland 9
The Finnish planning system 10
2.1.1. Recent changes in the Finnish planning system 10
2.1.2. Spatial planning responsibilities at the State level 10
2.1.3. Regional State administration 11
2.1.4. Planning at the national level 11
2.1.5. Planning at the regional level 11
2.1.6. Planning at the municipal level 13
2.2 Finland: Structural Funds 2000-2006 13
2.3. Finland: Structural Funds 2007-2013 16
3. Elements of comparison and common projects 18
3.1. General aspects 18
3.2. The consequences of the crisis of 1990’s to the nordic welfare state: Finland and Sweden 20
4. Common programmes 28
4.1. Finland, Sweden, Norway- Operational Programme 'North' 28
Programme under the European Territorial Cooperation Objective, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 28
Finland, Sweden, Norway 31
4.2. Operational Programme 'Botnia - Atlantica' 31
5. Conclusions and future perspectives 33
5.1. Reinforcing Regional Succes Factors 33
5.2. The Future of Regional Development 35
Bibliography 37

EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN LARGE CLASSES

 INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1 - THE INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM 4
1.1 THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE 6
1.2 EVOLVING DEFINITIONS OF GIFTEDNESS 7
1.3 MYTHS ABOUT ADVANCED STUDENTS 8
1.4 IDENTIFYING THE STUDENTS 9
CHAPTER 2- GROUPING THE STUDENTS 11
2.1 ABILITY BASED GROUPING 11
2.2 ABILITY GROUPING STRATEGIES 15
2.3 WHAT DID THE STUDY REVEAL? 18
2.4 STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ADVANCED STUDENTS IN THE INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM 20
2.5 ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT ABILITY GROUPING 20
CHAPTER 3- MIXT ABILITY CLASSES 25
3.1 CLASSROOM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 29
3.2 WHAT IS DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION? 30
3.3 SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL CLIMATE 30
3.4 SUPPORT FOR MINORITY STUDENTS 31
3.5 MANAGING THE YOUNG TEENAGE LEARNER 32
CHAPTER 4- SUPPORT FOR GIRLS 35
CHAPTER 5- DIFFERENTIATING CONTENT 36
CHAPTER 6- CURRICULUM COMPACTING AND FLEXIBLE PACING 38
CHAPTER 7- KNOWING THE STUDENTS IS THE KEY 41
7.1 SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING 42
7.2 LEARNING CENTERS 44
7.3 PROBLEM- BASED LEARNING 45
CHAPTER 8- SEMINARS 47
CHAPTER 9- EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN LARGE CLASSES 49
9.1 WHAT IS A LARGE CLASS? 49
9.2 HOW DOES CLASS SIZE MAKE A DIFFERENCE? 50
9.3 ORGANIZATION OF A LARGE CLASS 53
9.4 TEACHING LARGE CLASSES 58
CHAPTER 10- RESULTS 63
10.1 MIXED AND MORE MIXED ABILITIES 67
10.2 A BASIC FACT ABOUT HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY 67
10.3 THE DILEMMA FOR TEACHING 68
10.4 SPECIAL EDUCATION 69
CONCLUSIONS 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 

 

An Approach to English Computerese.

 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER I
ENGLISH THROUGH THE AGES 4
1.1. EARLY BEGINNINGS 4
1.2. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN MIDDLE AGES 13
1.3. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TODAY 19
CHAPTER II
LINGUISTIC APPROACHES TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 30
2.1. REGIONAL VARIATION 31
2.2. SOCIAL VARIATION 32
2.3. VARIETIES ACCORDING TO FIELD OF DISCOURSE 39
2.4. VARIETIES ACCORDING TO MEDIUM 41
2.5. VARIETIES ACCORDING TO ATTITUDE 42
2.6. VARIETIES ACCORDING TO INTERFERENCE 45
2.7. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIETY TYPES 47
CHAPTER III
REGISTERS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 51
CHAPTER IV
COMPUTERESE 59
CONCLUSIONS 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69
APPENDIX 72
1. BASIC COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY 72
2. BASIC INTERNET TERMINOLOGY 80

Brendan Behan - Biography into Drama.

 INTRODUCTION- page 3
CHAPTER 1
- IRISH DRAMA- page 7
CHAPTER 2
- TRANSLATING TRADITION page 19
CHAPTER 3
- BIOGRAPHY OF BRENDAN BEHAN- page 22
CHAPTER 4
- BRENDAN BEHAN AND THE INFLUENCE OF HIS
LIFE’S EVENTS IN HIS WORK page 29
CHAPTER 5
- ANALYSIS AND PARALELISM OF THE MASTERPIECES THE QUARE FELLOW AND THE HOSTAGE page 37
ANNEX:
- CHRONOLOGY page 53
CONLUSIONS page 58
BIBLIOGRAPHY page 61
ABBREVIATIONS USED page 62 

 

Charles Dickens - His Life and Work.

 Introduction 5
Chapter I. Charles Dickens - His Life and Work 7
1.1. The Growth of Man and Writer 7
1.2. Charles Dickens - A Social Critic 11
1.3. The Effects of Dickens`s childhood experience on his
work 14
Chapter II. The Child – Hero 19
2.1. Dickens`s Deep Sympathy for the Most Innocent of His
Characters 19
2.2. Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Paul Dombey, Pip -
"Small Adults" 23
2.3. Florence Dombey, Little Dorrit, Agnes Wickfield, Little
Nell - "Little mothers" 33
Chapter III. Children`s Conditions of Existence 40
3.1. Life in the English Cities 40
3.2. Contemporary Evils: the Workhouse, the Warehouse, the Debtors` Prison 45
3.3. The Educational System 51
Chapter IV. The Influence of the Adults on the Lives of the Children 57
4.1 The Two Opposite Spheres of Life 58
4.1.1 The Benevolent Society 59
4.1.2 The Evil World 63
4.2 Dickens`s Art of Portraying Comic and Grotesque
Characters 69
4.3 An Unforgettable character - Mr. Wilkins Micawber 74
Final Remarks 78
References 79
Bibliography 85
Appendix 87 

 

Countable and Uncountable Nouns in English and Romanian.

 Chapter I. 1. Theoretical Introduction 5
1.1.Grammar Components and Units 5
1.2.Grammatical Categories Parts of Speech 7
1.3.The Gramatical Category of Number 13
1.4.The Traditional Approach to the Category of Number
with Nouns 15
Chapter II. 2. Nouns Classification 17
2.1 .The Classification of Nouns according
to the Idea of Number 17
2.2 . Number features 21
2.2.1. [±UNIQUE], [±COMMON] 21
2.2.2. [±ABSTRACT] 22
2.2.3. [±COUNTABLE] 22
2.2.4. Uncountable countable, Countable uncountable 25
2.3. Plural 26
2.4. Recategorization 27
2.5. Set 28
Chapter III 3.Number Paradigms 30
3.1. Countable Nouns 30
3.2. Plural of the Countable Nouns 32
3.2.1.Ortographic Particularities 31
3.2.2. Regular Plurals 33
3.2.3. The Plural of the Compound and their placing 34
3.2.4.Foreign Plurals 36
3.2.5.Spelling Problems 37
3.2.6. The Plural Of Collective Nouns and
their Agreememt with the Verb 38
3.3. Mass Nouns 39
3.3.1. General Classification of Mass Nouns 39
3.3.2. Mass Quantifiers 40
3.3.3. The Recategorization of Mass Terms 41
3.3.4. Lexicalized Mass Forms 45
3.3.5. Some Conclusions 45
Chapter IV. 4. Specials Plurals 46
4.1. Pluralia Tantum and Summation Plurals 46
4.2. Plurals with Different Meanings 48
4.3. Invarriable Unmarked Plurals 48
4.4. Nouns with Two Plurals Forms that have
Different Interpretations 49
Chapter V.5. Conclusions 50
Bibliography 52 

 

Payment Instruments Used in International Trade and Their Influence on Delays and Money Transfer Management.

 I. Introduction 5
II. Instruments and Methods of International Payment 5
II.1 Currencies 5
II.2 Payment and Credit Instruments 6
II.2.1 The Bill of Exchange (Draft) 6
II.2.2 Promissory Note 6
II.2.3 The Check 6
II.4 The Incasso 7
II.4.1 Definition 7
II.4.2 Characteristics 7
II.5 The Payment Order (PO) 8
II.5.1 Definition 8
II.5.2 Characteristics 8
II.6 The Documentary Credit 9
II.6.1 Definition 9
II.6.2 Characteristics 9
II.6.3 The Letter of Credit 10
II.6.3.a Definition 10
II.6.3.b Characteristics 10
II.6.4 The Commercial Letter of Credit 12
II.6.4.aDefinition 12
II.6.4.b Characteristics 12
II.7 Other Payment Instruments 13
III. Practical applications 13
III.1“At Sight” Letter of Credit 14
III.1.1 Characteristics 14
III.1.2 Case Study 15
III.2.3 Comments 15
III.2 Deferred Letter of Credit 16
III.2.1 Characteristics 16
III.2.2 Case Study 17
III.2.3 Comments 17
III.3 Letter of Credit with Payment on Acceptance 18
III.3.1 Characteristics 18
III.3.2 Case Study 19
III.3.3 Comments 20
III.4 Letter of Credit with Payment by Negotiation 20
III.4.1 Characteristics 20
III.4.2 Case Study 22
III.4.3 Comments 22
III.4.3.a Comment for situation 1 22
III.4.3.b Comment for situation 2 22
III.5 Revolving Letter of Credit 23
III.5.1 Characteristics 23
III.5.2 Case Study 23
III.5.3 Comments 24
III.6 The Transferable Letter of Credit 25
III.6.1 Characteristics 25
III.6.2 Case Study 27
III.6.3 Comments 28
III.7 Red Clause Letter of Credit 28
III.7.1 Charactersitics 28
III.7.2 Case study 30
III.7.3 Comments 30
III.8“Back-to-Back” Letter of Credit 30
III.8.1 Characteristics 30
III.8.2 Case study 34
III.8.3 Comments 35
III.9 The Escrow Letter of Credit 36
III.9.1 Definition 36
III.9.2 Case Study 36
III.9.3 Comments 36
III.10 The Stand-by Letter of Credit 37
III.10.1 Definition 37
III.10.2 Case study 39
III.10.3 Comments 39
IV. Conclusions 40
Bibliography 42
Appendix 43
Glossary 44
Abbreviation List 45
Documents 46
Case Study1 46
Case Study 2 48
Case Study 3 49
Case Study 4 52
Case Study 5 54
Case Study 6 55
Case Study 7 57
Case Study 8 59
Case Study 9 61
Case Study 10 63